The dataset contains all raw data of the participants as well as corresponding sum scores and other variables created and used for the analyses as described in the paper by Dieleman and Colleagues. The syntax contains the code for the main analyses (Hierarchical Regression analyses) as well as how the sumscores and variables were created.
The codebook describes: 1) Recruitment, screening and inclusion, 2) Where data were collected and 3) Number of participants in the study. In addition, a codebook was added. The syntax clearly describes how we made for example sumscores and subsequently what analyses we ran. A full description on the measures and how we created them is given in the Methodology file.
Abstract related paper:
Reduced anticipatory reward-related activity, especially in the ventral striatum (VS), may underly adolescent vulnerability to develop nicotine dependence. It remains unclear whether nicotine uptake caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, known to be associated with future smoking, might prompt similar changes in the brain’s reward system, rendering adolescents vulnerable for development of nicotine dependence. To address this question, we tested whether current ETS exposure and monthly smoking are associated with VS hypoactivity for non-drug rewards in experimental smoking adolescents. One hundred adolescents performed a monetary incentive delay task while brain activity was measured using fMRI. To test the hypothesized relationship, we used a variety of approaches: 1) a whole-brain voxel-wise approach, 2) an region-of-interest approach in the VS using frequentist and Bayesian statistics, and 3) a small volume voxel-wise approach across the complete striatum. The results converged in revealing no significant relationships between monthly smoking, ETS exposure and reward-related brain activation across the brain or in the (ventral) striatum specifically. However, Bayesian statistics showed only anecdotal evidence for the null hypothesis in the VS, providing limited insight into the (non)-existence of the hypothesized relationship. Based on these results, we speculate that blunted VS reward-related activity might only occur after relatively high levels of exposure or might be associated with more long term effects of smoking. Future studies would benefit from even larger sample sizes to reliably distinguish between the null- and alternative models, as well as more objective measures of (environmental) smoking via using devices such as silicone wristbands.